Major infectious disease outbreaks are a constant threat to human health. Clinical research responses to outbreaks generate evidence to improve outcomes and outbreak control. Experiences from previous epidemics have identified multiple challenges to undertaking timely clinical research responses. This scoping review is a systematic appraisal of political, economic, administrative, regulatory, logistical, ethical and social (PEARLES) challenges to clinical research responses to emergency epidemics and solutions identified to address these.
Harmonisation creates opportunities for individual investigators to compare results or collaborate, without applying burdens or obligations. In our experience, the quality and breadth of research is improved by collaborative development and peer review of shared protocols. For example, in the current outbreak, a clinician might design a study to identify risk factors for progression, co-infections, and mechanisms of critical illness. However, clinicians might overlook the need to obtain serum for research groups with the capability to make new assays for seroepidemiology, or peripheral blood mononuclear cells for monoclonal antibody therapeutics during this process. Wide collaboration leads to better, faster science.
Guidelines available early in the covid-19 pandemic had methodological weaknesses and neglected vulnerable groups such as older people. A framework for development of clinical guidelines during public health emergencies is needed to ensure rigorous methods and the inclusion of vulnerable populations.
In an era of precision medicine, it is important to identify the main phenotypes in order to customise therapy in a personalised approach [9]. A variety of proposed anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and anti-fibrotic strategies may be beneficial or harmful depending on the state of disease. Recognition of different phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2 is therefore critical to clinicians and researchers for timely, effective and safe therapeutic interventions.
A cluster of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were successively reported in Wuhan, China. We aimed to describe the CT findings across different timepoints throughout the disease course.
In early February scientists in China, supported by the ISARIC Support Centre at the University of Oxford, launched a placebo-controlled randomised trial of remdesivir in patients hospitalised with COVID-19.
Study in sero-epidemiology evaluated four serological tests concluding that a reliable positive for COVID-19 may only be possible after 4 weeks of illness onset. The use of serology for diagnosis of acute disease must be viewed with caution and RT-PCR for virus detection remains the method of choice.
To address challenges posed by the pandemic and accelerate the research needed in resource-limited settings, we propose an international research coalition that brings together existing multinational, multidisciplinary expertise and clinical trial capacity. The coalition will synergise with existing initiatives, such as the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), and the SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic Pipeline. Our objective is to use our existing research capabilities to support, promote, and accelerate multicentre trials of the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of interventions against COVID-19 in resource-limited settings. For therapeutics, research in such settings should focus primarily on evaluation of affordable repurposed medicines—ie, those already developed and approved for other indications—and implementable supportive measures. If applicable, testing of new diagnostic tools, vaccines, and other potentially beneficial strategies will be added to the trials.
Study on a small number of cases of COVID-19 in Europe where ISARIC's Clinical Characterisation protocol was used to build a detailed and comprehensive sampling strategy that enabled the illustration of the different courses of the disease and provide relevant criteria regarding the severity of the disease.
The first results from a randomised controlled trial of a treatment for COVID-19 provide support for larger trials of the drug
This article discusses issues related to regions where critical care units might have limited or no capacity to provide mechanical ventilations. The difference in medical care availability will likely have repercutions on patient outcomes. Full article here: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2762996
ISARIC associated paper and first study on COVID19 that analyses a number of patients to assess health characteristics that lead to death in hospitalised adults in Wuhan, China. See full article here: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200309130109.htm
Bill Gates reflects on good governance during a pandemic and how we can learn from COVID-19 to prevent future pandemics.
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